The most effective goal setting strategy with respect to goal proximity is to:

Setting both long- and short-term goals creates a balanced approach to goal setting that enhances motivation and provides direction over time. Long-term goals serve as an overarching vision and help individuals stay focused on the big picture. They provide a clear target to work towards and can inspire persistence and commitment.

Short-term goals are crucial as they break down a long-term goal into manageable, attainable steps. Achieving these smaller milestones can boost confidence and motivation, providing a sense of accomplishment that propels individuals forward toward their larger aspirations. This combination enables individuals to experience regular successes while maintaining alignment with their long-term objectives, which can significantly enhance adherence to behavior change efforts.

In contrast, focusing exclusively on short-term or long-term goals can lead to various challenges. Relying solely on short-term goals may result in a lack of direction or purpose, while if only long-term goals are pursued, individuals might feel overwhelmed and disconnected from immediate progress, leading to frustration and potential disengagement. Thus, integrating both types of goals is the most effective strategy for fostering sustainable behavior change.