Research indicates that which type of goals lead to higher levels of task performance?

Specific and challenging goals are recognized for their effectiveness in enhancing task performance based on research in performance psychology. This concept aligns with the principles of goal-setting theory, which suggests that clear, precise goals that push individuals beyond their comfort zones lead to greater levels of motivation and direction.

When goals are specific, they provide clarity on what is expected, enabling individuals to focus their efforts and strategies accordingly. Challenging goals, on the other hand, stimulate individuals to exert more effort and engage more deeply with the task at hand. The combination of specificity and a level of challenge prompts enhanced performance, as individuals are more likely to stretch their capabilities to meet these targeted objectives.

In contrast, other options like "do your best" goals and vague goals lack the precision needed for effective motivation and performance. "Do your best" goals can lead to a lack of accountability and measurable progress, making it difficult for individuals to evaluate their achievements. Similarly, vague or no goals do not provide a clear direction, resulting in diminished focus and commitment.