A specific type of positive reinforcement where an unlikely behavior is reinforced by pairing it with a common behavior is called:

The correct answer, which refers to a specific type of positive reinforcement, is termed "Premacking." This concept involves the use of a more probable behavior to reinforce a less probable one. In other words, when a common or preferred behavior is paired with a less likely behavior, it increases the chances that the unlikely behavior will occur. For example, if a child enjoys playing video games and is required to complete their homework first, playing video games serves as a reward for completing the homework. This pairing makes it more likely that the child will engage in the homework activity.

The other terms, while potentially relevant in different contexts, do not describe this specific behavioral reinforcement technique. Landmarking pertains to using significant markers in learning or orientation processes, hyperbole is an exaggerated statement not meant to be taken literally, and unsettling does not relate to reinforcement or behavior change strategies. Therefore, "Premacking" is the clear and accurate answer, as it directly defines the reinforcement method described in the question.